Insights
Insights
Zhiheng Law Firm's May 2026 event schedule~
🌸Colorful May, wonderful non-stop! 🔥 Zhiheng May series of activities are hot - 📚 cover entertainment law, 🚀 young lawyer growth, ⚖️ criminal and other popular areas, full of dry goods, big coffee gathered! 💡 Whether you want to improve professional skills, or expand the industry vision, you can find your wonderful here! 📣 limited places, welcome
Zhiheng News | Zhiheng Youth Working Committee held a working meeting to promote the activity points system and the preparation of the Young Lawyers Salon
On the afternoon of May 13, 2026, the Zhiheng Youth Working Committee held a working meeting to discuss the points system of activities, the theme of the Young Lawyers Salon and the recent key work arrangements. Lin Qiuchan, director of the Zhiheng Youth Working Committee, Zheng Haiyang, Lun Xiaoqing, Zhou Hang, Zhou Shuliu, deputy directors of the Youth Working Committee, and members Wang Zihao and He Yu attended the meeting. The meeting system sorted out and determined the monthly cases for May and June
Zhiheng News | Sincerely welcome lawyer Du Kang to join Zhiheng
Zhiheng Law Firm sincerely welcomes Attorney Du Kang to join. Attorney Du Kang specializes in administrative law practice and specializes in administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation related to the following matters: administrative penalties related to historical illegal buildings; administrative penalties related to illegal land use and illegal construction; administrative penalties related to urban appearance management; and urban construction waste (construction waste) storage yard
Zhiheng Public Welfare | Discuss a new path for legal popularization and seek new highlights in mediation work - Lianhua Street Judicial Office and Lianhua North Community Party Committee visited Zhiheng for exchange and guidance
On the afternoon of May 7, 2026, Luo Lachao, Director of Lianhua Street Judicial Institute, Huang Wenyuan, Secretary of the Party Committee of Lianhua North Community, Lianhua Street, and others visited Zhiheng for guidance and exchange. Liu Hong, Deputy Secretary of Zhiheng Party Branch and Deputy Director of the Management Committee, Li Weixiang, Founding Partner and Deputy Director of the Management Committee, Yang Linbai, Deputy Secretary of the Party Branch and Member of the Management Committee, Liu Yanhua, Member of the Management Committee and Director of the Public Welfare Committee, were given
Zhiheng News | Capital Reduction, an Important Signal of Company Strategic Shrinkage and Exit: The Fifth Lecture of Lawyer Yu Yongbo's "18 Lectures on Company Law"
On the morning of April 11, 2026, lawyer Yu Yongbo successfully concluded the fifth lecture of the course "18 Lectures on Company Law - Selection of Company Litigation Cases and Trial Attack and Defense" in 2026. Many students admitted that the seemingly ordinary "company capital reduction dispute" contained extremely profound legal logic and judicial practice details. Lawyer Yu revolves around
Zhiheng News | Zhiheng's second working meeting of the National Executive Director in 2026 was successfully held
On the morning of April 16, 2026, the second working meeting of the 2026 national executive director of Zhiheng Law Firm was successfully held in the main conference room of the head office. Lawyer Chai Yongxia, executive director of Zhiheng Headquarters, and executive directors and deputy directors from various branches across the country attended the meeting. Lawyer Zhang Shanhua, director of the management committee of Zhiheng Head Office, and Lan Caiming, former director of the sea management committee of Zhiheng
Zhiheng News | The National Core Partner Conference of Zhiheng Law Firm was successfully held
On the afternoon of April 16, 26, the National Core Partner Meeting of Guangdong Zhiheng Law Firm was grandly held in the large conference room on the 21st floor of the main office. The meeting was chaired by Liu Hong, deputy director of the management committee of Zhiheng, and the core partners from Zhiheng headquarters and branches across the country gathered together to make a speech on the recent development, compliance construction and integration construction of the main branch of the law firm
Zhiheng Law Firm's April 2026 event schedule~
⏰Countdown to April 2026! The balance is insufficient, but the wonderful 🔥 🎉 The last activity schedule has been launched 👇 🌈 around the criminal debate, AI, Web3... every day is worth going to~ 💪 catch the tail of April and charge together! ✅ actively participate, don't let spring leave regrets✨
Good news from Zhiheng | Lawyer Xie Juan represents China's arbitration award recognized by the Polish Court of Appeal
On April 15, 2026, the Court of Appeal of Katowice, Poland, made a decision formally recognizing a foreign-related commercial arbitration award made by the Beijing Arbitration Commission on August 22, 2023. The award concerned an import contract dispute between China's Shandong K Company and Poland's F Company, and was represented by Xie Juan, a lawyer from Guangdong Zhiheng Law Firm, in the recognition and enforcement proceedings in Poland.
From 5.1 onwards, the threshold for criminalization of these four types of duty crimes has been significantly reduced! Attention private enterprises!
Introduction: The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate jointly issued the Interpretation (II) of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Corruption and Bribery (Legal Interpretation [2026] No. 6), which will take effect on May 1, 2026. The group most affected by the new judicial interpretation: the staff of private enterprises, because
Zhiheng Law Firm's April 2026 Event Preview~
[No limit in April, Zhiheng's "law" is fully open!] 🎉 Hey legal people, dream chasers, curious babies in the entertainment industry - Zhiheng Law Firm's April high-energy warning! ✨ 🔥 professional training and sharing: Big coffee dismantling hard core knowledge points, take you "upgrade and fight monsters"! 🎬 Entertainment Legal Affairs Department Recruitment: film and television, music, IP protection... the law of the entertainment industry
Overview of Zhiheng Law Firm's March Activities
🎈2026 Zhiheng Guofeng Garden Party (03.03, Tuesday) 🌸 her rights and interests and protect them together - March 8th Women's Day Women's Rights Protection Salon (03.05, Thursday) 💐 Zhiheng Law Firm 2026 Women's Day Series Activities (03.06, Friday) 🤝 Company Center shareholders' equity affairs department meeting (03.09, Monday)
Overview of Zhiheng Office's activities in March (continuously updated)
⚖️ Bay Area Criminal Defense Salon (7th) Illegal Evidence Exclusion Application 03.24 (Tuesday) The event was held outside the office 💼 Labor and Human Resources Legal Affairs Department Practice Sharing 03.24 (Tuesday) 📚 Zhiheng Headquarters Youth Work Committee First Monthly Case Sharing Session 03.25 (Wednesday) 🏢 Property and Business Management Department 2026 First
Far beyond expectations | Registration for the second phase of Zhiheng Criminal Leader Training Camp has closed
Dear Lawyers: Thank you very much for your warm attention and support to the second phase of the "Zhiheng Criminal Leader Training Camp"! As soon as the registration notice was released on the evening of March 11, the number of applicants rose rapidly and the popularity far exceeded expectations - only 10 hours after the notice was issued, the number of applicants has exceeded 300. This warm response made us deeply feel the same in the industry
Zhiheng News | Notice on the selection of "Top Ten Typical Cases of Labor Disputes in Zhiheng Law Firm from 2024 to 2025"
In order to play a leading role in the demonstration of typical cases, improve the professional level and research ability of Zhiheng lawyers, and promote exchanges and cooperation between various branches, the Labor and Human Resources Legal Affairs Department of Guangdong Zhiheng Law Firm has launched the 2024-2025 Zhiheng National Lawyers' Labor Dispute Top Ten Typical Cases Selection Work, and is now soliciting typical cases in the field of labor disputes from Zhiheng lawyers across the country
Zhiheng News | Zhiheng Head Office Company Legal Affairs Center March 2026 Director's Work Conference was successfully held
On March 13, 2026, the March Director's Work Conference of Zhiheng Company Legal Affairs Center was successfully held in Conference Room No. 3, 21st Floor, Zhiheng Headquarters. Liu Hong, director of the center, Zhou Yanjun, secretary general of the center, Zhang Ping, deputy director of the center and director of the corporate governance department, Deng Huifen, deputy director of the center and director of the merger and acquisition and reorganization department, Min Na, deputy director of the center and director of the shareholders' equity department,
Zhiheng Honor | Zhiheng Law Firm has won a number of major honors at the 2026 Brand Ceremony of the Law News Agency
On March 14, 2026, the 4th Legal Service Industry Brand Development Forum and Legal News Agency 2026 Brand Ceremony was grandly held. The Legal News Agency's "Law Firm Excellent Brand Influence Guide (2025) " was released on the spot, and the "Law News Agency 2025 Annual Billboard: Legal Personality Award" was presented. With excellent professional strength and brand influence
Zhiheng News | Zhiheng Law Firm's 2nd Youth Work Committee Renewal Conference and First Meeting Was Successfully Held
On the morning of March 16, 2026, the second session of the Young Lawyers Working Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "Youth Working Committee") of Guangdong Zhiheng Law Firm was grandly held in the large conference room on the 21st floor of the headquarters. Chai Yongxia, Executive Director of Zhiheng Headquarters, Lin Tao, Deputy Director of the Management Committee, Liu Bingshan, Deputy Director of the Supervisory Board, and Zheng Zhuyu, Member of the Supervisory Board, attended the conference and joined all the young lawyers
Zhiheng's Bright March: A Feast of Ideology and Deep Professional Cultivation
[Sun] The spring is getting stronger and the rhythm is endless. In March, Zhiheng Law Firm took "professionalism as the foundation and humanities as the wing". From the elegance of the national style to legal practice, from the protection of women's rights and interests to the frontier of foreign-related law, high-standard activities landed one after another, injecting vigorous ideological vitality into Chunri. It not only shows the professional edge of Zhiheng lawyers, but also conveys the humanistic temperature of the law firm. Let us
The Year of the Horse got off to a good start, Ruishi came to the door, lucky🧧
The gongs and drums are noisy to welcome auspiciousness, and the lion is awakened to offer Switzerland and start a new journey! 🦁 Today's lion team came to Zhiheng, picking Qing Nafu and being full of joy. Touch the lion head for all worries, touch the lion's back for a wide range of cases, lettuce landing, wealth and good luck for a whole year! 💰 new year concentric, career evergreen, wish Zhiheng's family a smooth year of the horse, winning lawsuits, and rolling wealth✨
Zhiheng News | A wonderful review of Zhiheng's National 2025 Summary Conference and 30th Anniversary Celebration Commendation Session
On January 24, 2026, the Zhiheng National 2025 Summary Conference and 30th Anniversary Celebration was grandly held on the 6th floor of the Sheraton Greater China Hotel in Shenzhen. The theme of this conference is "Persistence Building Dreams and Creating Chapters Together", which aims to review the 30-year journey, summarize the brilliant achievements in 2025, and draw a new blueprint for sustainable development in the future. The commendation session of the conference has successively
Zhiheng News | Zhiheng National Management Committee and Supervisory Board Team Integration Symposium was successfully held
In order to further consolidate the joint development of the national Zhiheng system, deepen the integration of the general branch, and clarify the future development direction and work priorities, on January 24, 2026, the Zhiheng National Management Committee and the Supervisory Committee team integration symposium was successfully held in the large conference room of the general office. The director team of the second management committee and the board of supervisors of the general office, the representatives of the regional management committees, the board of supervisors, and the executive leaders of the branches across the country
Zhiheng News | The First National Executive Director Work Conference of Zhiheng Law Firm in 2026 was successfully held
On January 25, 2026, the first National Executive Director Work Conference of Zhiheng Law Firm in 2026 was held at the Shenzhen Head Office. Executive directors from all over the country gathered to review the annual work, discuss development strategies, and clarify the direction and build consensus for the steady development of Zhiheng in the next stage. At the event site, Executive Director of Zhiheng Headquarters
Zhiheng News | To the appointment of Lotus Mountain, to the new journey with love🌿
The applause of the annual meeting was still in our ears, and we plunged into the mountains and forests of Shenzhen. The Lotus Mountain on January 25, 2026 was wrapped in a gentle filter by Zhiheng er's laughter. Throw away the formality of suits and ties, step up the stone steps, and throw our troubles and exhaustion into the wind. The city skyline we bumped into when we reached the summit was the first surprise given to us in the new year. This way
Directions | Zhiheng Law Firm Headquarters
About ZHI HENG LAW FIRM, as one of the first approved comprehensive legal service institutions in our country, Zhiheng Law Firm has been deeply rooted in Shenzhen since 1995 - the pioneer city that led the wave of China's reform and opening up. With Shenzhen being given the important mission of "Pilot Pilot Demonstration Zone" by the central government
Zhiheng's statement | A guide to self-defense: How the law protects your courage from the "anti-killing case"
Recently, due to the implementation of the newly revised "Public Security Administration Punishment Law", many friends have asked me about "justifiable defense". I have used some of my spare time to organize and collect information, borrowed AI tools, and prepared this article for your reference. Welcome to repost, comment, and collect! 1. The legal framework of justifiable defense: from the Criminal Law to the latest "Public Security Administration Punishment Law"
Analysis on the probative power of audit report in one-person company shareholders' joint and several liability disputes
Author | Lawyer Deng Minmin, Lawyer Wang Jixian, Introduction Article 63 of ZHIHENG's "Company Law (2018 Revision) " (hereinafter referred to as the "former Company Law") stipulates: "A shareholder of a one-person limited liability company who cannot prove that the company's property is independent of the shareholder's own property shall be jointly and severally liable for the company's debts." "Company Law (First Draft of Revision)
Intellectual property and data compliance seminar successfully held
On November 5, 2025, Zhiheng Law Firm successfully held a seminar on intellectual property and data compliance in the large conference room. This seminar was hosted by Zhiheng National Intellectual Property Center, focusing on the two core topics of patent infringement damages and biomedical data compliance. It brought together senior experts and lawyers in the industry to exchange and discuss for the practice development in the field of intellectual property and data compliance
Zhiheng Sharing | The theme sharing session on "Judicial Interpretation on Labor Disputes (2) In-depth Interpretation and Enterprise Employment Compliance Management" was successfully held
On November 6, 2025, a sharing session on the theme of "Judicial Interpretation of Labor Disputes (2) In-depth Interpretation and Enterprise Employment Compliance Management" was successfully held in the large conference room of Zhiheng Longhua Law Firm (hereinafter referred to as "Zhiheng Longhua"). This sharing session was chaired by Gao Xiaoyu, a partner lawyer of Zhiheng Longhua Law Firm, and Zhiheng Longhua Law Firm
Good news from Zhiheng | Multiple cases of Zhiheng have been selected for the "List of Typical Cases of Shenzhen Lawyer Business in 2024"
On November 6, 2025, the Shenzhen Bar Association officially announced the list of "2024 Shenzhen Lawyer Business Typical Cases". After multiple rounds of rigorous procedures such as public solicitation, formal review, professional review and supervision of the board of supervisors, a total of 5 typical cases of Zhiheng Law Firm were successfully selected, covering multiple professional fields, demonstrating the solid professional ability and
Zhiheng News | Zhiheng lawyers and the legal team of Korean listed company SK Hynix carry out compliance legal topics sharing and exchange
On November 6, 2025, Lawyer Xie Juan, Senior Partner of Equity of Zhiheng Head Office, Director of Foreign-related Legal Affairs Center, and a leading national foreign-related lawyer, was invited to share the compliance legal practice of cross-border operations for the Greater China legal team of SK Hynix, a listed company in South Korea. At the event site, this sharing focused on compliance issues in cross-border operations of enterprises in the context of regulation and sanctions
Zhiheng empower | "United School Company Law · Cohesion Without Borders" Zhiheng Chongqing & Yingke Chongqing The first joint training session ended successfully!
On the afternoon of October 30, 2025, the "Exposure Draft" Practical Interpretation Special Training (Phase 1) was successfully held in the Zhiheng Chongqing Conference Room, jointly sponsored by the Legal Affairs Department of Guangdong Zhiheng (Chongqing) Law Firm and the Legal Affairs Department of Beijing Yingke (Chongqing) Law Firm
Zhiheng Special Issue | The Second Issue of "Foreign-related Legal Observation Journal" Released
The second issue of "Foreign-related Legal Observation Publications" has been released! Zhiheng (Dalian) Law Firm (hereinafter referred to as "Zhiheng Dalian") has ushered in the second issue of "Foreign-related Legal Observation Publications"! This issue contains a total of 5 wonderful articles, bringing together the in-depth thinking and practical experience of 5 lawyers, presenting hot and cutting-edge topics from a professional perspective, looking forward to bringing valuable inspiration and exchanges to everyone. This issue
Zhiheng News | Zhiheng lawyers were invited to attend the "Criminal Prosecution Practice Seminar" event and share the theme
On January 3, 2025, Zhang Nannan, member of the Management Committee of Zhiheng Headquarters and director of the Criminal Center, was invited to the "Criminal Accusation Practice" sponsored by the Legal Committee of Commercial Crime Defense of Shenzhen Bar Association and the Legal Committee of Common Crime Defense of Shenzhen Bar Association, undertaken by Guangdong Xiaofeng Law Firm, and supported by the Shenzhen Branch of the Advanced Institute of Criminal Defense of Northwest University of Political Science and Law
Legal Risks and Prevention of Nominal Shareholders and Actual Shareholders under the New Company Law
Author | Lawyer Chen Xuan, Introduction In the operation of ZHIHENG company, the phenomenon of proxy shareholding is very common. It seems to be a win-win situation. In fact, nominal shareholders and actual shareholders also face many legal risks in the process of proxy shareholding. This article will analyze the legal risks and preventive measures of nominal shareholders. First, the legal risks of nominal shareholders 1. The risk of accelerated expiration of investment obligations:
Legal Risks and Prevention of Nominal Shareholders and Actual Shareholders under the New Company Law
Author | Lawyer Chen Xuan, Introduction In the operation of ZHIHENG company, the phenomenon of proxy shareholding is very common. It seems to be a win-win situation. In fact, nominal shareholders and actual shareholders also face many legal risks in the process of proxy shareholding. This article will analyze the legal risks and preventive measures of nominal shareholders. First, the legal risks of nominal shareholders 1. The risk of accelerated expiration of investment obligations:
The director lends funds to the company and charges interest. Can the company exercise the right of attribution?
Author | Zou Yongyuan Lawyer, Introduction ZHIHENG Company's right of attribution refers to the company's right to the property obtained by dishonest directors, supervisors, and senior executives, which is a special remedy granted to the company by law. Article 182 of our country's "Company Law" (2023) includes the dishonest conduct of directors and executives in violation of the obligation to prohibit self-trading in the company's attribution lawsuit
The triple legal risks of enterprise data leakage
ZHIHENG enterprise data leakage security incidents occur frequently, in May and June this year, a series of Cartier, Dior sensitive data leakage incidents, such incidents are often just the beginning of the enterprise credit crisis, the situation often detonated secondary crisis, so enterprises for data leakage prevention system arrangements and compliance deployment has a real urgency
Eight Paths and Risks of Recovering Gift Third Party Property in Ningbo Original
A woman in Yinzhou, Ningbo, found that her husband transferred money to a third party many times during the marriage, ranging from a few hundred yuan to hundreds of thousands of yuan-some through bank transfers, some through WeChat red envelopes, and some bought Luxury goods and gold. She wants to know what money can be recovered and what cannot be recovered. One sentence conclusion: if one of the spouses gives the joint property of the husband and wife to a third party without authorization during the marriage, the original spouse can generally claim that the gift is invalid and demand its return. But whether it can be recovered and how much can it be recovered...
How long will the court check the bank flow in Ningbo divorce proceedings?
Some parties reported that in the divorce proceedings, the court was applied to investigate the flow of the other party's four bank accounts. The judge only agreed to check one of the accounts for only one year-worried about what to do with the other party's transfer of property with other cards. First of all, let's give a conclusion: there is no national unified standard for the scope of court investigation of bank flow in divorce proceedings (check several cards and how long to check). judges will decide according to the circumstances of the case. there are obvious differences in practices among different places, usually ranging from one to three years before the investigation and prosecution. in principle, pre-marital flow will not be checked. When the scope of investigation is limited...
Zhiheng Special Issue | The first issue of "Foreign-related Legal Observation Journal" was officially released
The first issue of "Foreign-related Legal Observation Journal" has been released! Zhiheng (Dalian) Law Firm (hereinafter referred to as "Zhiheng Dalian") has ushered in the first issue of "Foreign-related Legal Observation Journal"! This issue contains a total of 6 wonderful articles, bringing together the in-depth thinking and legal research results of 6 lawyers, presenting hot and cutting-edge topics from a professional perspective, looking forward to bringing valuable inspiration and exchanges to everyone. This
Event Preview | Law & Finance and Taxation Dual Escort: Special Training Session on Enterprise Labor, Employment and Tax Risk Strategies is About to Start
On September 1, 2025, the "Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of Labor Disputes (II) " will be officially implemented, setting stricter requirements on the employment, contract, social security and turnover management of enterprises, and the risk and cost of employment will increase significantly. Labor relations are closely related to fiscal and tax compliance. If not handled properly, it may lead to labor disputes and tax inspections at the same time, and enterprises face "double"
Monthly Review | Zhiheng July 2025 News
With the advent of August, Zhiheng people continue to work with full enthusiasm and harvest new growth and breakthroughs. Now, let us look back on the wonderful moments of Zhiheng in July 2025, witness the footsteps of every effort, and feel the power of every growth. Zhiheng Party Building, Zhiheng News | Zhiheng Law Firm Launches "July 1st Chinese Communist Party Founding Day Condolences to Old Party Members" Activity, Zhiheng Lawyer
Zhiheng Explanation | Obstacles and Skills of "Attempted" Defense in Illegal Business Cases
Author | Zhang Nannan Lawyer Team, Introduction ZHIHENG's crime of illegal business operation is a typical economic crime, and the determination of its criminal form presents complex legal application problems in judicial practice. Article 225 of the Criminal Law stipulates the elements of this crime in the form of blank counts, and the relevant judicial interpretations are supplemented by enumerating specific types of behaviors and quantitative standards.
Zhiheng Explanation | Obstacles and Skills of "Attempted" Defense in Illegal Business Cases
Author | Zhang Nannan Lawyer Team, Introduction ZHIHENG's crime of illegal business operation is a typical economic crime, and the determination of its criminal form presents complex legal application problems in judicial practice. Article 225 of the Criminal Law stipulates the elements of this crime in the form of blank counts, and the relevant judicial interpretations are supplemented by enumerating specific types of behaviors and quantitative standards.
Wonderful case | Zhiheng lawyer successfully represented a major equity dispute and won the second-instance judgment
Author | Golden Lawyer, recently, lawyer Zhiheng successfully represented a major and complex equity dispute, won the second-instance judgment, and has been successfully executed. The case was hosted by the senior consultant of Zhiheng Dongguan Law Firm and the executive director of the company's legal affairs department. The amount of the case exceeded 100 million yuan. The second-instance court finally supported Zhiheng
Wonderful caseShu Zhiheng Dongguan intellectual property team successfully represented the invention patent invalidation case
Author | Sun Shutang lawyer, Zhou Jiali lawyer, to protect product innovation, make good use of ineffective initiative, the background of the case, Guangdong XX company in the market to sell their own equipment, found that other companies sold the same type of products with invention patents, then to our Sun Shutang lawyer, Zhou Jiali lawyer for legal advice on whether their equipment infringes the
Zhiheng Explanation | Obstacles and Skills of "Attempted" Defense in Illegal Business Cases
Author | Zhang Nannan Lawyer Team, Introduction ZHIHENG's crime of illegal business operation is a typical economic crime, and the determination of its criminal form presents complex legal application problems in judicial practice. Article 225 of the Criminal Law stipulates the elements of this crime in the form of blank counts, and the relevant judicial interpretations are supplemented by enumerating specific types of behaviors and quantitative standards.
Zhiheng Analysis of Law | Lawyer Xiong Ni's Analysis of Guangdong Homestead Disputes and the Path of Legalization --- Based on Central Document No. 1
Author | Xiong Ni, Zheng Yanxuan, 1 Introduction On February 23, 2025, the No. 1 Central Document of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Further Deepening Rural Reform and Solidly Promoting the Comprehensive Revitalization of Rural Areas was officially released. This document is an "action guide" for rural revitalization, and it also puts forward new instructions for the management of rural homesteads. This article will be based on the interpretation of the Central Committee
The Boundary Reconstruction of Non-compete: From "Access to Secrets" to "Reasonable Proportion" of Judicial Review - Comments on Articles 13 to 15 of Interpretation (2)
Author | Lawyer Luo Yi, Introduction ZHIHENG In recent years, due to the increasing mobility of the labor market and the increasingly fierce business competition, non-compete clauses have become the "standard" clauses in the management of employment contracts of enterprises, and there has been a two-dimensional split in judicial practice. Enterprises hope to protect their core business interests through agreements, prevent technology leakage and customer outflow, and